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    • Join us
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    • Facts and Figures
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    • How the city affects mental health
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    • How urban design can impact mental health
    • Mind the GAPS Framework
    • How to measure mental health
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    • Edition 1
    • Edition 2
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SANITY AND URBANITY BLOG

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Fremantle: Integrating blue and green health in urban design in suburban Australia

6/2/2018

33 Comments

 
By Edward Kermode, Architectural Assistant at Grimshaw Architects and UD/MH Associate reflects on blue and green space in Fremantle, a suburb of Perth, where he is currently conducting a UD/MH city case study.
The correlation between exposure to nature and mental health benefits is arguably one of the more well-supported topics in literature that discuss links between health and the environment. Close proximity to greenery has been demonstrated to lower levels of stress and have positive impact towards users’ wellbeing, with studies have also suggesting that people living near green urban areas can help encourage more physical activity, thereby exerting a positive impact for people suffering with anxiety and depression (Cohen-Cline et. al, 2015). As I pursue my case study of Perth’s urban design in relation to mental health, this post hopes to serve as a snapshot and explore different ways green space is being implemented in one of Perth’s phoenix suburbs, otherwise known as Fremantle.
 
BOTTOM-UP GREEN SOLUTIONS AND PARTICIPATION
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Fremantle’s newest pocket green-space, developed and built by the local community with council staff
The place close to my heart is the City of Fremantle, 22kms south of the Perth CBD in Western Australia. Situated as a port city at the intersection of the Swan River and the Indian Ocean, Fremantle was officially recognised as a leader in sustainability in 2015 when it became the world’s second city to achieve international One Planet Certification, which is an initiative offering a framework to drive sustainable living and green, circular economies.
 
Fremantle’s Strategy 2020 recognises the benefits that green urban environments have towards community cohesion and wellbeing. With an objective to aim that “every resident and worker to have access to public open space within a 400mm walkable catchment”, the Fremantle council have adopted a number of methods and urban design tools to improve better mental health, such as:
 
  • Verge Beautification Program: encouraging community engagement residents to planting native, water-wise shrubs on unused verges, offering access to free mulch and subsidised plants
  • Community engagement and participation to develop pocket parks on disused pieces of land
  • Ongoing contributions towards revegetation, wellbeing grants, community gardens and volunteer support.
 
Not only are these bottom-up methods developing quick, efficient green solutions in the city, but they are also helping foster social connectivity and cohesion within Fremantle’s urban community – an incredibly important factor in benefitting individual mental health. Encouraging volunteering/community participation offers a sense of wholeness and purpose within their home and thus can offer positive well-being effects. The mere act of getting community members out and about in the sun can benefit mental wellbeing through boosting vitamin D supply, regulating the circadian rhythm and improve quality of sleep.
 
By promoting community engagement as a tool to improve and encourage access to green space, Fremantle’s greening strategies have proven to be successful and continue to improve the opportunities that urban design can bring towards mental health in the area.
 
 
BARRIERS TO GREEN SPACES IN THESE CITIES
 
However, urban design plays a significant role in the level of access urban communities have to green space; factors such as time, money, distance, and transport accessibility can serve as barriers for green space access. Throughout the urban sprawl of major Australian cities, studies have shown socially-disadvantaged areas had a lesser access to green space, and thereby had less opportunities for the mental health benefits that green space provides. Australia. To combat this spatial inequality, cities such as Perth urgently need to implement improved access towards transit-oriented development and encourage more positive attitudes towards higher-density development. Fremantle has a long way to go in integrating affordable and good-quality higher-density developments with the abundance of green space it offers.
 
BLUE HEALTH = MENTAL HEALTH
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Quasi-public space along Fremantle’s boardwalks, offering areas of social interaction with views over the water.
As a port city, Fremantle is fortunate enough to be situated by both the ocean and river. Along the harbour there are restaurants, cafes, breweries and galleries that offer views over the water. This weekend I found myself having a coffee by the beach, sitting on an innovative piece of urban design that had reused Fremantle’s historic train lines. The water’s edge had attracted everyone from all sorts of age groups; kids dashing around in the sand, students along the benches in the sun, or the elderly peacefully strolling along the boardwalk. Intrigued by the success of Fremantle’s public activity as a low-density suburb, I had to further research into how the use of water in urban design can benefit one’s mental health or wellbeing.
 
Dr. Timothy Beatley, professor at University of Virginia and author of “Handbook of Biophilic City Planning and Design”, has discussed a lot about links between the sea, the city and mental health – terming the idea “Blue Urbanism”. It is no surprise that Fremantle, as a major port town, benefits from its adjacency to the Indian Ocean.
 
One of our UD/MH fellows, Jenny Roe, recently wrote for the Biophilic Cities Journal exploring this idea of blue health within the built environment (Roe 2018). Below I am going to briefly reiterate some of the literature Roe has discussed.
 
Studies have found that people living near coastal environments have lower Body Mass Index compared to people living inland (Wood et al. 2016; Witten et al. 2008). This evidence suggests that increasing users’ accessibility to water can improve one's chances of being physically active, which can have a range of benefits including reducing risk of obesity, diabetes, anxiety and depression. Living in marine or coastal areas has further shown people to report greater levels of happiness (MacKerron and Mourato, 2013); improved life satisfaction (Brereton et al. 2008); and better mental wellbeing (Alcock et al. 2015).
 
Access to blue space has also demonstrated its ability to reduce stress and benefit levels of wellbeing. This is supported from research done by Happy City, Street Plans, Space Syntax, and University of Virginia, which measured heart rate variability and self-reports from subjects who took a walk along a downtown waterfront in West Palm Beach (2015). The study found further positive impacts for water accessibility towards social well-being indicators (social trust and sense of belonging). The mixture of people evident during my brief time down by the Fremantle foreshore most certainly supported these results.
 
If you’d like to learn more about how green space accessibility and mental health go hand in hand, there’s a great literature review called Quality Green Space Supporting Health, Wellbeing and Biodiversity: A Literature Review. Written by Davern et al. (2017), the report offers a succinct summary of the factors involved in the design and delivery of green spaces that promote the health and wellbeing for people, with particular reference towards Australia cities. Another helpful report is Cities, Green Space and Mental Wellbeing by Jenny Roe. In terms of a specific focus on blue space, Beatley’s “Blue Urbanism” book and Roe’s feature article in the BCJ report on evidence-based studies that demonstrate how access to water within urban design can create positive mental health benefits.
 
 
REFERENCES
 
Astell-Burt, T, Feng, X, Mavoa, S, Badland, HM, & Giles-Corti, B 2014, 'Do low-income neighbourhoods have the least green space? A cross-sectional study of Australia's most populous cities', BMC Public Health, vol. 14, p. 292. Available from: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-292. [20 May 2018].
 
Badland, H, Whitzman, C, Lowe, M, Davern, M, Aye, L, Butterworth, I, Hes, D, & Giles-Corti, B 2014, 'Review: Urban liveability: Emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health', Social Science & Medicine, vol. 111, pp. 64-73. Available from: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.003. [20 May 2018].
 
Beatley, T 2014, Blue urbanism : exploring connections between cities and oceans, Washington, DC : Island Press, [2014].
 
Brereton, F., Clinch, J.P., Ferreira, S. (2008). Happiness, geography and the environment. Ecol. Econ. 65: 386-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.008.
 
Duncan, G, Cohen-Cline, H, Cohen-Cline, H, Duncan, GE, & Turkheimer, E 'Access to green space, physical activity and mental health: a twin study', JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 523-529.
 
Happy City, University of Virginia, Street Plans Collaborative and Space Syntax (2017). Happier by Design. https://thehappycity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/STC-reportfinal-version-v.5.pdf.
 
MacKerron, G., Mourato, S. (2013). Happiness is greater in natural environments. Glob. Environ. Chang. 23: 992–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.010.

Roe J (2018). Blue Cities for Better Health. Biophilic Cities Journal.
 
Witten, K., Hiscock, R., Pearce, J., Blakely, T. (2008). Neighbourhood access to open spaces and the physical activity of residents: a national study. Prev. Med. 47: 299–303. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18533242.
 
Wood, S.L., Demougin, P.R., Higgins, S., Husk, K., Wheeler, B.W., White, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between childhood obesity and proximity to the coast: a rural/ urban perspective. Health Place 40: 129–136. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.05.010.

About the Author

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Before making a move to London, Edward Kermode graduated from the University of Melbourne, majoring in Architecture. He has since been working as an architectural assistant at both small residential firms to larger, commercial practices. Currently at Grimshaw Architects, he has recently been working on designing public spaces for the proposed Tirana masterplan in Albania. Always having a deep interest between the impact of urbanism towards both physical and mental health, Ed is particularly curious towards how bottom-up architectural interventions  and technologies can improve human health, quality of life and wellbeing.
33 Comments
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2/26/2019 05:06:30 am

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6/30/2021 07:31:20 am

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Alex Chrissy
6/30/2021 07:35:47 am

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3/29/2022 01:30:13 am

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Shannon Mattingly
4/4/2022 06:38:54 am

I live in USA, ohio, I have to give this miraculous testimony, which is so unbelievable until now. I had a problem with my Ex husband 2 years ago, which lead to our break up. I was not myself again, i felt so empty inside me, my love and financial situation became worst, until a close friend of mine told me about a spell caster who helped her in the same problem too her name is Dr Unity I emailed the spell caster and i told her my problem and i did what she asked of me, to cut the long story short. Before i knew what was happening , less than two days my husband gave me a call and told me that he was coming back to me i was so happy to have him back to me. The most interesting part of the story is that am pregnant. Thanks to Dr Unity for saving my marriage and for also saving others own too. Continue your good work Dr Unity.. If you are interested to contact the great spell caster.Here his contact...WhatsApp: +2348055361568 ,
Email: Unityspelltemple@gmail.com ,
website:http://unityspelltemple.website2.me/


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8/22/2020 04:42:26 am

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12/29/2020 01:10:57 am

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Alex Chrissy
6/30/2021 07:31:36 am

DR SAYO HERBAL HEALER HAS THE CURE TO ALL DEADLY DISEASE/VIRUS AND ILLNESS.Hello everyone, i don't know the reason why some people is finding it difficult to believe that there is a cure for herpes virus, i was browsing the internet searching for help when i came across lot of testimonies shared by a lot of people on how Dr. sayo cured diabetes, cancer, hiv/aids, fibrold, hsv, pad, hpv, etc.... i was so much in need of getting his treatment so i contacted Dr. sayo and told him i have herpes since last 3 years and then Dr. sayobrought smile to my face with his herbal medicine i am happy that i am cured from herpes with herbal medicine prepared by Dr. sayo the great herbal healer, i am so much happy today that we have someone like this great healer out there, so everyone out there kindly contact this great healer on his email address: sayoherbalhealer@gmail.com or whatsapp him on: +2349012175679 visit his website: http://sayoherbalhome.com/  
visit his FB page: https://www.facebook.com/SayoHerbalHealer please sir keep your good work cause there are people out there who is in need of your healing herbal medicine thank you.

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Alex Chrissy
6/30/2021 07:36:09 am

DR SAYO HERBAL HEALER HAS THE CURE TO ALL DEADLY DISEASE/VIRUS AND ILLNESS.Hello everyone, i don't know the reason why some people is finding it difficult to believe that there is a cure for herpes virus, i was browsing the internet searching for help when i came across lot of testimonies shared by a lot of people on how Dr. sayo cured diabetes, cancer, hiv/aids, fibrold, hsv, pad, hpv, etc.... i was so much in need of getting his treatment so i contacted Dr. sayo and told him i have herpes since last 3 years and then Dr. sayobrought smile to my face with his herbal medicine i am happy that i am cured from herpes with herbal medicine prepared by Dr. sayo the great herbal healer, i am so much happy today that we have someone like this great healer out there, so everyone out there kindly contact this great healer on his email address: sayoherbalhealer@gmail.com or whatsapp him on: +2349012175679 visit his website: http://sayoherbalhome.com/  
visit his FB page: https://www.facebook.com/SayoHerbalHealer please sir keep your good work cause there are people out there who is in need of your healing herbal medicine thank you.

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Michael DeBruin
8/27/2021 06:00:04 am

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10/4/2021 01:26:17 am

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3: LUPUS
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10/24/2021 01:52:54 pm

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12/4/2021 04:30:05 pm

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12/12/2021 06:37:18 pm

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Mariam Robert
2/11/2022 03:26:51 pm

I want to share my wonderful testimony how I got back my husband back, who I sworn ever to be with until when he left me to another woman for no reason and I try to make things work for both of us yet things were getting worse and I love him so much and there is nothing I could do to get my husband back until I saw a testimony share by a woman called Lauren from Australia on the internet talking about a powerful spell caster who brought her husband back within 24 hours and I decide to give it a try and to my greatest surprise he also did it for me just as he did for Lauren and I have a lot of people complaining of fake spell caster but this one I met was a real spell caster who help me to solve my problem I have no solution to, I introduce many of my best friends that have a similar problems, and their problem were solve with the great help of DR Jumba, who help them to get back their lovers within 24 hours. I am so happy that my husband is back to me again, and the most surprising thing is that our love is very strong, every day is happiness and joy. and There is nothing like being with the man you love. I am so happy my love is back to me with the help of DR Jumba . if you have similar problem I will advise you to contact him ,he is there to help you and put a smile on your face as he did to me and others you can also WhatsApp him +1(908) 517-4108 or Email him at : wiccalovespelltools@gmail.com or view his website for more review https://drjumbaspellhome.wordpress.com

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Shannon Mattingly
3/25/2022 10:11:53 pm



How To Get Your Ex Lover Back Quickly & Permanently Even If Your Situation Seems Hopeless!.
My name is Shannon Mattingly, I'm from UK. My husband left me for another woman. The most painful thing is that I was pregnant with our second baby. I wanted him back. I did everything within my reach to bring him back but all was in vain, I wanted him back so badly because of the love I had for him, I begged him with everything, I made promises but he refused. I explained my problem to my friend and she suggested that I should rather contact a spell caster that could help me cast a spell to bring him back , I had no choice than to try it. I messaged the spell caster called dr unity, and he assured me there was no problem and that everything will be okay before 11 hours. He cast the spell and surprisingly 11 hours later my husband called me. I was so surprised, I answered the call and all he said was that he was so sorry for everything that had happened He wanted me to return to him. He also said he loved me so much. I was so happy and went to him that was how we started living together happily again.thanks to dr unity . if you are here and your Lover is turning you down, or your husband moved to another woman, do not cry anymore, contact Dr.Unity for help now..
Here his contact...WhatsApp him: +2348055361568 ,
Email him at: Unityspelltemple@gmail.com
,His website:https://reallovespell.wordpress.com

Reply
Flora Hyde
4/17/2022 01:44:13 am

I would gladly tell you all that I was able to put an end to my divorce issue and restore my marriage again, because I never wanted it to happen. I don't know what came over my husband that he was filing for divorce, i tried to talk him out of it but he didn't listen to me, i had no other option than to seek the help in any where I could think of and went to the length of contacting Dr.Jumba and now am glad I did ask for help from him. Because if not for the help Dr. Jumba, I don't know what would have become of my marriage now because I loved my husband so much that I couldn't stand losing him. The spell worked like magic with the way and manner my husband changed and started showing love instead of the divorce he was planning. I'm just too happy that everything is in place for me now. I would gladly recommend the use of spell to any one going through marriage problems and want to put an end to it by emailing Dr.Jumba through his website on https://drjumbaspellhome.wordpress.com/ and that was were i got the help to restore my marriage you can email or text him Via : wiccalovespelltools@gmail.com or +27651108524

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Wilson Fox
6/9/2022 02:01:22 am

I suffered from what they called peripheral artery disease (PAD). I have been suffering for years, Me and my wife searched for a medical cure, and then we came across a testimony of a man who suffered the same and was cured by Dr Chief Lucky. So my wife and I contacted Dr Chief Lucky via an email and thank God he replied. I explained what was wrong and he sent me herbal medicines that helped heal me completely. I am happy to say that herbal medicine is the ultimate and Dr Chief Lucky I am grateful. You can contact him on his email: chiefdrlucky@gmail.com or whatsapp: +2348132777335, Facebook page: http://facebook.com/chiefdrlucky or website: https://chiefdrlucky.com/. Dr Chief Lucky said that he also specializes in the following diseases: LUPUS, ALS, CANCER, HPV, HERPES, DIABETES, COPD, HEPATITIS B, HIV AIDS, And more.

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Gavin Wear
6/28/2022 02:34:10 am

I am here to spread this good news to the entire world on how Dr Emu helped me solve my infertility problem and i am so happy now that i am now a mother because for over 4 years i have been trying to get pregnant and needed help, i and my husband always go for medical check up and the doctor always say that the both of us are fine and i have nowhere else to get help from and all hope was almost lost until one day i visited a friend of mine and i told her what i was passing through and she introduce me to this great spell caster called Dr Emu who helped her when she was in need of help, so i took a try to contact Dr Emu through his email and i explain all my problem to him and after we have talked he perform an infertility spell for me and after that he told me what i should do, and i followed the instruction he gave and after that he instructed to sleep with my husband and also i followed the instruction and he said that the next week i should go for medical check up and the doctor confirmed that i was 4 months pregnant and i was so happy that all my sorrows were gone for ever, i am so very happy now and also if you need any kind of help or the same line with mine, contact Dr Emu on his email: emutemple@gmail.com or call/text his whatsapp phone number +2347012841542 visit facebook page: https://web.facebook.com/Emu-Temple- 104891335203341

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Mrs ramons
7/1/2022 03:50:53 pm

Even though I was reluctant to buy this product immediately because of fear and doubts, I eventually did and it worked for me. My herpes has been cured permanently and I was tested negative. I conducted the test severally after completing the medication and all test results read negative. It is one of the best decisions I have ever made, just give it a trial. You’re almost there”contact drokonsolutionspell@gmail.com or WhatsApp him on his cellphone number+2348051145606

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Elena Rodriquez
7/14/2022 06:44:35 am

Am writing this article to thank Dr. Jumba, the powerful spell caster that helped me recently to bring back my ex lover that left me for another woman for no reason for the past 8 years. After seeing a post on the internet by Jenna from the USA saying how she was helped by Dr. Jumba, I also decided to contact him for help because I had no choice. All I wanted was for me to get my lover back and happiness. To my greatest surprise my lover came home on his knees that i should find a place in my heart to forgive him, I was truly astonished and shocked when my lover knelt down begging for forgiveness and for me to accept him back. I am really short of expressions, and I don't know how much to convey my appreciation to you Dr. Jumba. You are a God sent to restore a broken relationship, And now I'm a joyful woman. his contact details are; wiccalovespelltools@gmail.com Whatsapp number +27651108524 . Website : https://drjumbaspellhome.wordpress.com 

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Mark William
7/18/2022 09:14:03 pm

Hello everyone out there, I'm here to give my testimony about a herbalist doctor who helped me. I was infected with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in 2011, I went to many hospitals to heal myself but there was no solution, so I was thinking how I can get a solution so that my body can be well. One day I was in the river thinking about where I can go to get a solution. so a lady walked towards me telling me why I'm so sad and I open everything by telling her my problem, she told me she could help me, she introduced me to a doctor who uses herbal medicines to cure the SIMPLEX HERPES VIRUS and gave me your email, so I sent you an email. He told me everything I had to do and also gave me instructions to take, which I followed correctly. Before I knew what was happening after two weeks, the SIMPLEX HERPES VIRUS that was disappeared in my body. therefore, if you also have a broken heart and need help, you can also send an email to {dr.joshuaherbalhome6@gmail.com} or whatsapp him on +2347048515927 Contact him today and he will have a testimony ... Good luck!

dr JOSHUA also cures:
1.HIV/AIDS
2. HERPES 1/2
3. CANCER
4. ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease)
5. Hepatitis B
6. Chronic pancreatic
7. emphysema
8. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

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Mark William
7/18/2022 09:17:07 pm

Hello everyone out there, I'm here to give my testimony about a herbalist doctor who helped me. I was infected with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in 2011, I went to many hospitals to heal myself but there was no solution, so I was thinking how I can get a solution so that my body can be well. One day I was in the river thinking about where I can go to get a solution. so a lady walked towards me telling me why I'm so sad and I open everything by telling her my problem, she told me she could help me, she introduced me to a doctor who uses herbal medicines to cure the SIMPLEX HERPES VIRUS and gave me your email, so I sent you an email. He told me everything I had to do and also gave me instructions to take, which I followed correctly. Before I knew what was happening after two weeks, the SIMPLEX HERPES VIRUS that was disappeared in my body. therefore, if you also have a broken heart and need help, you can also send an email to {dr.joshuaherbalhome6@gmail.com} or whatsapp him on +2347048515927 Contact him today and he will have a testimony ... Good luck!

dr JOSHUA also cures:
1.HIV/AIDS
2. HERPES 1/2
3. CANCER
4. ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease)
5. Hepatitis B
6. Chronic pancreatic
7. emphysema
8. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

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Grant Jones link
10/24/2022 10:28:02 am

Unit store big process. Include rather reduce continue bed each star as. Almost fast national travel leave animal.

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Jason Bennett
10/31/2022 06:56:33 am

Omg I Finally Got Helped !! I'm so excited right now, I just have to share my testimony on this Forum.. The feeling of being loved takes away so much burden from our shoulders. I had all this but I made a big mistake when I cheated on my wife with another woman and my wife left me for over 4 months after she found out.. I was lonely, sad and devastated. Luckily I was directed to a very powerful spell caster Dr Emu who helped me cast a spell of reconciliation on our Relationship and he brought back my wife and now she loves me far more than ever.. I'm so happy with life now. Thank you so much Dr Emu, kindly Contact Dr Emu Today and get any kind of help you want.. Via Email emutemple@gmail.com or Call/WhatsApp cell number +2347012841542
Https://web.facebook.com/Emu-Temple-104891335203341

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Laura Hobson
12/20/2022 10:42:10 am

I was really stressed by Acid reflux issues with my newborn and had consulted Chief Dr Lucky. He gave us a thorough consultation and the medicines were equally effective. In a couple of weeks there was big improvement in my son and we are very pleased with the progress. We cannot thank Chief Dr Lucky enough. Highly recommended.

Email chiefdrlucky@gmail.com

WhatsApp +2348132777335

Facebook page http://facebook.com/chiefdrlucky

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Brendan link
2/17/2023 04:33:07 am

I am so glad writing this article today to tell the world how Dr Excel cured my HSV VIRUS, I was diagnosed with HSV-1&2 for two years before Dr Excel cured me with his herbal roots and herbs precaution which he sent to me through delivery service...( a herbal drink and a tree root branch) if you are going through same situation you can contact him on his website https://excelherbalcure.com! don't live all your life with such nasty virus! he on WhatsApp too. +1 [204] 480 7423

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Evelyn James
2/24/2023 02:31:19 pm

I ain't talking about this but I am grateful to God almighty because I never believed that Doctor Kendis will get rid of this terrible disease which have wasted all of this time I suppose to spend with my family it was a friend who told me about him and I never believed that he truly cure (hsp), Dr kendis always say to me that all will be fine, after Two weeks herbal medications I went for a check up as you are reading this testimony I am now completely hsp negative I want you to trust me because it get hard to believe and feel free to contact him here is the Email drkendisherbalhome@gmail.com you can also check out his page https://m.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100089184252004. here also the web for more info,, https://drkendisherbalhome.simdif.com/ .

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Manuel Franco
3/27/2023 02:57:09 am


I just want to say Thank You to everyone who supported me through the years. My name is Manuel Franco, New Berlin, Wisconsin. My story of how I won the Powerball lottery of $768.4M is a bit of a tale. I have been playing Powerball tickets for 6 years now since I turned 18. I bought my first ticket on my 18 birthday. I was feeling very lucky that day because I had contacted Dr. Odunga Michael to help me with the winning Powerball numbers. I really had that great great feeling that I looked at the camera wanting to wink at it. I only did a tiny part of it and trusted him. He gave me the numbers after I played a couple other tickets along with it for $10. I checked my ticket after the winnings came online and saw the numbers were correct including the Power play. I screamed for about 10 minutes because it felt like a dream. I had won $768.4M. You can check my winning testimony with the lottery officials just with my name search. Thank you Dr Michael. Well, his email is odungaspelltemple@gmail.com and you can also call or Whats-app him at +2348167159012 so you guys can contact him

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    Sanity and Urbanity: 
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