Fremantle: Integrating blue and green health in urban design in suburban Australia

6/2/2018

By Edward Kermode, Architectural Assistant at Grimshaw Architects and UD/MH Associate reflects on blue and green space in Fremantle, a suburb of Perth, where he is currently conducting a UD/MH city case study.

The correlation between exposure to nature and mental health benefits is arguably one of the more well-supported topics in literature that discuss links between health and the environment. Close proximity to greenery has been demonstrated to lower levels of stress and have positive impact towards users’ wellbeing, with studies have also suggesting that people living near green urban areas can help encourage more physical activity, thereby exerting a positive impact for people suffering with anxiety and depression (Cohen-Cline et. al, 2015). As I pursue my case study of Perth’s urban design in relation to mental health, this post hopes to serve as a snapshot and explore different ways green space is being implemented in one of Perth’s phoenix suburbs, otherwise known as Fremantle.

BOTTOM-UP GREEN SOLUTIONS AND PARTICIPATION

Fremantle’s newest pocket green-space, developed and built by the local community with council staff

The place close to my heart is the City of Fremantle, 22kms south of the Perth CBD in Western Australia. Situated as a port city at the intersection of the Swan River and the Indian Ocean, Fremantle was officially recognised as a leader in sustainability in 2015 when it became the world’s second city to achieve international One Planet Certification, which is an initiative offering a framework to drive sustainable living and green, circular economies.

Fremantle’s Strategy 2020 recognises the benefits that green urban environments have towards community cohesion and wellbeing. With an objective to aim that “every resident and worker to have access to public open space within a 400mm walkable catchment”, the Fremantle council have adopted a number of methods and urban design tools to improve better mental health, such as:

Verge Beautification Program: encouraging community engagement residents to planting native, water-wise shrubs on unused verges, offering access to free mulch and subsidised plants
Community engagement and participation to develop pocket parks on disused pieces of land
Ongoing contributions towards revegetation, wellbeing grants, community gardens and volunteer support.

Not only are these bottom-up methods developing quick, efficient green solutions in the city, but they are also helping foster social connectivity and cohesion within Fremantle’s urban community – an incredibly important factor in benefitting individual mental health. Encouraging volunteering/community participation offers a sense of wholeness and purpose within their home and thus can offer positive well-being effects. The mere act of getting community members out and about in the sun can benefit mental wellbeing through boosting vitamin D supply, regulating the circadian rhythm and improve quality of sleep.

By promoting community engagement as a tool to improve and encourage access to green space, Fremantle’s greening strategies have proven to be successful and continue to improve the opportunities that urban design can bring towards mental health in the area.

BARRIERS TO GREEN SPACES IN THESE CITIES

However, urban design plays a significant role in the level of access urban communities have to green space; factors such as time, money, distance, and transport accessibility can serve as barriers for green space access. Throughout the urban sprawl of major Australian cities, studies have shown socially-disadvantaged areas had a lesser access to green space, and thereby had less opportunities for the mental health benefits that green space provides. Australia. To combat this spatial inequality, cities such as Perth urgently need to implement improved access towards transit-oriented development and encourage more positive attitudes towards higher-density development. Fremantle has a long way to go in integrating affordable and good-quality higher-density developments with the abundance of green space it offers.

BLUE HEALTH = MENTAL HEALTH

Quasi-public space along Fremantle’s boardwalks, offering areas of social interaction with views over the water.

As a port city, Fremantle is fortunate enough to be situated by both the ocean and river. Along the harbour there are restaurants, cafes, breweries and galleries that offer views over the water. This weekend I found myself having a coffee by the beach, sitting on an innovative piece of urban design that had reused Fremantle’s historic train lines. The water’s edge had attracted everyone from all sorts of age groups; kids dashing around in the sand, students along the benches in the sun, or the elderly peacefully strolling along the boardwalk. Intrigued by the success of Fremantle’s public activity as a low-density suburb, I had to further research into how the use of water in urban design can benefit one’s mental health or wellbeing.

Dr. Timothy Beatley, professor at University of Virginia and author of “Handbook of Biophilic City Planning and Design”, has discussed a lot about links between the sea, the city and mental health – terming the idea “Blue Urbanism”. It is no surprise that Fremantle, as a major port town, benefits from its adjacency to the Indian Ocean.

One of our UD/MH fellows, Jenny Roe, recently wrote for the Biophilic Cities Journal exploring this idea of blue health within the built environment (Roe 2018). Below I am going to briefly reiterate some of the literature Roe has discussed.

Studies have found that people living near coastal environments have lower Body Mass Index compared to people living inland (Wood et al. 2016; Witten et al. 2008). This evidence suggests that increasing users’ accessibility to water can improve one's chances of being physically active, which can have a range of benefits including reducing risk of obesity, diabetes, anxiety and depression. Living in marine or coastal areas has further shown people to report greater levels of happiness (MacKerron and Mourato, 2013); improved life satisfaction (Brereton et al. 2008); and better mental wellbeing (Alcock et al. 2015).

Access to blue space has also demonstrated its ability to reduce stress and benefit levels of wellbeing. This is supported from research done by Happy City, Street Plans, Space Syntax, and University of Virginia, which measured heart rate variability and self-reports from subjects who took a walk along a downtown waterfront in West Palm Beach (2015). The study found further positive impacts for water accessibility towards social well-being indicators (social trust and sense of belonging). The mixture of people evident during my brief time down by the Fremantle foreshore most certainly supported these results.

If you’d like to learn more about how green space accessibility and mental health go hand in hand, there’s a great literature review called Quality Green Space Supporting Health, Wellbeing and Biodiversity: A Literature Review. Written by Davern et al. (2017), the report offers a succinct summary of the factors involved in the design and delivery of green spaces that promote the health and wellbeing for people, with particular reference towards Australia cities. Another helpful report is Cities, Green Space and Mental Wellbeing by Jenny Roe. In terms of a specific focus on blue space, Beatley’s “Blue Urbanism” book and Roe’s feature article in the BCJ report on evidence-based studies that demonstrate how access to water within urban design can create positive mental health benefits.

REFERENCES

Astell-Burt, T, Feng, X, Mavoa, S, Badland, HM, & Giles-Corti, B 2014, 'Do low-income neighbourhoods have the least green space? A cross-sectional study of Australia's most populous cities', BMC Public Health, vol. 14, p. 292. Available from: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-292. [20 May 2018].

Badland, H, Whitzman, C, Lowe, M, Davern, M, Aye, L, Butterworth, I, Hes, D, & Giles-Corti, B 2014, 'Review: Urban liveability: Emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health', Social Science & Medicine, vol. 111, pp. 64-73. Available from: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.003. [20 May 2018].

Beatley, T 2014, Blue urbanism : exploring connections between cities and oceans, Washington, DC : Island Press, [2014].

Brereton, F., Clinch, J.P., Ferreira, S. (2008). Happiness, geography and the environment. Ecol. Econ. 65: 386-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.008.

Duncan, G, Cohen-Cline, H, Cohen-Cline, H, Duncan, GE, & Turkheimer, E 'Access to green space, physical activity and mental health: a twin study', JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 523-529.

Happy City, University of Virginia, Street Plans Collaborative and Space Syntax (2017). Happier by Design. https://thehappycity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/STC-reportfinal-version-v.5.pdf.

MacKerron, G., Mourato, S. (2013). Happiness is greater in natural environments. Glob. Environ. Chang. 23: 992–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.010.

Roe J (2018). Blue Cities for Better Health. Biophilic Cities Journal.

Witten, K., Hiscock, R., Pearce, J., Blakely, T. (2008). Neighbourhood access to open spaces and the physical activity of residents: a national study. Prev. Med. 47: 299–303. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18533242.

Wood, S.L., Demougin, P.R., Higgins, S., Husk, K., Wheeler, B.W., White, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between childhood obesity and proximity to the coast: a rural/ urban perspective. Health Place 40: 129–136. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.05.010.

About the Author

Before making a move to London, Edward Kermode graduated from the University of Melbourne, majoring in Architecture. He has since been working as an architectural assistant at both small residential firms to larger, commercial practices. Currently at Grimshaw Architects, he has recently been working on designing public spaces for the proposed Tirana masterplan in Albania. Always having a deep interest between the impact of urbanism towards both physical and mental health, Ed is particularly curious towards how bottom-up architectural interventions and technologies can improve human health, quality of life and wellbeing.

60 Comments

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Mark William

7/18/2022 09:14:03 pm

Hello everyone out there, I'm here to give my testimony about a herbalist doctor who helped me. I was infected with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in 2011, I went to many hospitals to heal myself but there was no solution, so I was thinking how I can get a solution so that my body can be well. One day I was in the river thinking about where I can go to get a solution. so a lady walked towards me telling me why I'm so sad and I open everything by telling her my problem, she told me she could help me, she introduced me to a doctor who uses herbal medicines to cure the SIMPLEX HERPES VIRUS and gave me your email, so I sent you an email. He told me everything I had to do and also gave me instructions to take, which I followed correctly. Before I knew what was happening after two weeks, the SIMPLEX HERPES VIRUS that was disappeared in my body. therefore, if you also have a broken heart and need help, you can also send an email to {dr.joshuaherbalhome6@gmail.com} or whatsapp him on +2347048515927 Contact him today and he will have a testimony ... Good luck!

dr JOSHUA also cures:
1.HIV/AIDS
2. HERPES 1/2
3. CANCER
4. ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease)
5. Hepatitis B
6. Chronic pancreatic
7. emphysema
8. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Mark William

7/18/2022 09:17:07 pm

Grant Jones link

10/24/2022 10:28:02 am

Unit store big process. Include rather reduce continue bed each star as. Almost fast national travel leave animal.

Jason Bennett

10/31/2022 06:56:33 am

Omg I Finally Got Helped !! I'm so excited right now, I just have to share my testimony on this Forum.. The feeling of being loved takes away so much burden from our shoulders. I had all this but I made a big mistake when I cheated on my wife with another woman and my wife left me for over 4 months after she found out.. I was lonely, sad and devastated. Luckily I was directed to a very powerful spell caster Dr Emu who helped me cast a spell of reconciliation on our Relationship and he brought back my wife and now she loves me far more than ever.. I'm so happy with life now. Thank you so much Dr Emu, kindly Contact Dr Emu Today and get any kind of help you want.. Via Email emutemple@gmail.com or Call/WhatsApp cell number +2347012841542
Https://web.facebook.com/Emu-Temple-104891335203341

Laura Hobson

12/20/2022 10:42:10 am

I was really stressed by Acid reflux issues with my newborn and had consulted Chief Dr Lucky. He gave us a thorough consultation and the medicines were equally effective. In a couple of weeks there was big improvement in my son and we are very pleased with the progress. We cannot thank Chief Dr Lucky enough. Highly recommended.

Email chiefdrlucky@gmail.com

WhatsApp +2348132777335

Facebook page http://facebook.com/chiefdrlucky

Brendan link

2/17/2023 04:33:07 am

I am so glad writing this article today to tell the world how Dr Excel cured my HSV VIRUS, I was diagnosed with HSV-1&2 for two years before Dr Excel cured me with his herbal roots and herbs precaution which he sent to me through delivery service...( a herbal drink and a tree root branch) if you are going through same situation you can contact him on his website https://excelherbalcure.com! don't live all your life with such nasty virus! he on WhatsApp too. +1 [204] 480 7423

Evelyn James

2/24/2023 02:31:19 pm

I ain't talking about this but I am grateful to God almighty because I never believed that Doctor Kendis will get rid of this terrible disease which have wasted all of this time I suppose to spend with my family it was a friend who told me about him and I never believed that he truly cure (hsp), Dr kendis always say to me that all will be fine, after Two weeks herbal medications I went for a check up as you are reading this testimony I am now completely hsp negative I want you to trust me because it get hard to believe and feel free to contact him here is the Email drkendisherbalhome@gmail.com you can also check out his page https://m.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100089184252004. here also the web for more info,, https://drkendisherbalhome.simdif.com/ .

Manuel Franco

3/27/2023 02:57:09 am

I just want to say Thank You to everyone who supported me through the years. My name is Manuel Franco, New Berlin, Wisconsin. My story of how I won the Powerball lottery of $768.4M is a bit of a tale. I have been playing Powerball tickets for 6 years now since I turned 18. I bought my first ticket on my 18 birthday. I was feeling very lucky that day because I had contacted Dr. Odunga Michael to help me with the winning Powerball numbers. I really had that great great feeling that I looked at the camera wanting to wink at it. I only did a tiny part of it and trusted him. He gave me the numbers after I played a couple other tickets along with it for $10. I checked my ticket after the winnings came online and saw the numbers were correct including the Power play. I screamed for about 10 minutes because it felt like a dream. I had won $768.4M. You can check my winning testimony with the lottery officials just with my name search. Thank you Dr Michael. Well, his email is odungaspelltemple@gmail.com and you can also call or Whats-app him at +2348167159012 so you guys can contact him

Melony Kleton

4/20/2023 02:13:37 am

LOVE SPELL TESTIMONY

Thank you so much DOCTOR ODUNGA for making my ex boyfriend come back to me. I am writing this wonderful testimony in respect of this man. He made all my wishes come true. My boyfriend and I dated for more than 3 years and although we had had so many quarrels we never thought of a break up. One day, he called me over the phone telling me how he is tired of the relationship and cannot see anywhere that we are heading to. Months passed and my boyfriend did not contact me anymore and I did not hear from him anymore and his cell phone was disconnected. I knew I needed to seek help because of the love I have for him. I contacted this great spell caster because i have never contacted anyone before and i tell you that after a week of contact, my ex boyfriend called me and asked to see me and the next morning, he wore a ring on my finger. I am very happy because I am soon going to be a married girl with the help of this great spell caster. I promised to manifest your works to everyone and please contact this man to help you

Email: odungaspelltemple@gmail.com OR contact him on WhatsApp +2348167159012.

Lisa oney

5/31/2023 01:41:20 pm

There are still a lot of people suffering from different health issues and are therefore looking for solution. I bring you Good news. There is a man called Dr Akhigbe a herbal practitioner who helped cure me from Genital herpes and shingles, this i had suffered from for the past 2 years and i have spent so much money trying to survive from it. I got my healing by taking the herbal medicine he sent to me to drink for about 14 days . 14 days after completion of the dosage, I went for a medical checkup and I was tested Genital Herpes NEGATIVE. I’m sharing this so that other people can know of this great healer called Dr Akhigbe because I got to know him through a friend he cured from too. I was made to understand that he can cure several other deadly diseases and infections. Don’t die in ignorance and don’t let that illness take your life. Contact Dr Akhigbe through his email. drakhigbeherbalhome5@gmail.com or whatsApp +2349021374574.

Wylde Hensley

7/11/2023 08:43:53 pm

SPELL CASTER THAT HELP ME
Me and my husband were going through a divorce after 7 years of marriage. I see that comIng for a while because we were not in good terms with each other i saw testimonies how Dr Nakara help a lot of people online I contacted Dr Nakara and,tell him what i was going through, and he cast a powerful marriage blessing that reunited me and my husband and also made our marriage more stronger than before.i will continue thanking you Dr Nakara for what you did in my marriage. I am here to recommend anyone having issues in marriage or relationship contact Dr Nakara on via email nakarasolutionshome77@gmail.com
if you have any issue like
(1) If you want your ex back.
(2) if you always have bad dreams.
(3) You want to be promoted in your office.
(4) You want women/men to run after you.
(5) If you want a child/pregnancy spell.
(6) You want to tie your husband/wife to be yours forever.
Email:nakarasolutionshome77@gmail.com.

Manuel Franco

7/16/2023 10:40:44 pm

I just want to say Thank You to everyone who supported me through the years. My name is Manuel Franco, New Berlin, Wisconsin. My story of how I won the Powerball lottery of $768.4M is a bit of a tale. I have been playing Powerball tickets for 6 years now since I turned 18. I bought my first ticket on my 18 birthday. I was feeling very lucky that day because I had contacted Dr. Odunga Michael to help me with the winning Powerball numbers. I really had that great great feeling that I looked at the camera wanting to wink at it. I only did a tiny part of it and trusted him. He gave me the numbers after I played a couple other tickets along with it for $10. I checked my ticket after the winnings came online and saw the numbers were correct including the Power play. I screamed for about 10 minutes because it felt like a dream. I had won $768.4M. You can check my winning testimony with the lottery officials just with my name search. Thank you Dr Odunga. Well, his email is odungaspelltemple@gmail.com and you can also call or Whats-app him at +2348167159012 so you guys can contact him

cecillia hills

7/26/2023 02:32:45 am

BEST AND URGENT LOVE SPELL TO GET BACK WITH YOUR EX HUSBAND/WIFE THROUGH A POWERFUL LOVE SPELL CASTER CALLED LORD ZULU CONTACT HIM NOW FOR YOUR TESTIMONIES. CONTACT HIM ON WHATSAPP NOW +2348146326016
Hello everyone, I'm here to testify of a powerful love spell caster called lord Zulu, who helped me stabilize my relationship and solved all the problems that's been going on in my life. I was confused and devastated when my husband left me and my kids without a word, I needed him back because I love him so much, I told my friend about how he left me. She introduced me to this powerful and reliable spell caster who had helped her in getting her lover back, so I contacted him and he promised that in less than 24 hours he will come back to me. After I did all he asked, to my greatest surprise my husband who had refused to speak with me came to my house and asked for forgiveness for all he had made me go through and now we are living happily together, I will forever be grateful to you Lord Zulu if you have any relationship problem I will advise you to contact him now for your testimonies. Contact him on WhatsApp +2348146326016 Email @ lordzulu05@gmail.com website: allsupremepowersolutionhom.website2.me

BEST AND URGENT LOVE SPELL TO GET BACK WITH YOUR EX HUSBAND/WIFE THROUGH A POWERFUL LOVE SPELL CASTER CALLED LORD ZULU CONTACT HIM NOW FOR YOUR TESTIMONIES. CONTACT HIM ON WHATSAPP NOW +2348146326016
Hello everyone, I'm here to testify of a powerful love spell caster called lord Zulu, who helped me stabilize my relationship and solved all the problems that's been going on in my life. I was confused and devastated when my husband left me and my kids without a word, I needed him back because I love him so much, I told my friend about how he left me. She introduced me to this powerful and reliable spell caster who had helped her in getting her lover back, so I contacted him and he promised that in less than 24 hours he will come back to me. After I did all he asked, to my greatest surprise my husband who had refused to speak with me came to my house and asked for forgiveness for all he had made me go through and now we are living happily together, I will forever be grateful to you Lord Zulu if you have any relationship problem I will advise you to contact him now for your testimonies. Contact him on WhatsApp +2348146326016 Email @ lordzulu05@gmail.com website: allsupremepowersolutionhom.website2.me

BEST AND URGENT LOVE SPELL TO GET BACK WITH YOUR EX HUSBAND/WIFE THROUGH A POWERFUL LOVE SPELL CASTER CALLED LORD ZULU CONTACT HIM NOW FOR YOUR TESTIMONIES. CONTACT HIM ON WHATSAPP NOW +2348146326016
Hello everyone, I'm here to testify of a powerful love spell caster called lord Zulu, who helped me stabilize my relationship and solved all the problems that's been going on in my life. I was confused and devastated when my husband left me and my kids without a word, I needed him back because I love him so much, I told my friend about how he left me. She introduced me to this powerful and reliable spell caster who had helped her in getting her lover back, so I contacted him and he promised that in less than 24 hours he will come back to me. After I did all he asked, to my greatest surprise my husband who had refused to speak with me came to my house and asked for forgiveness for all he had made me go through and now we are living happily together, I will forever be grateful to you Lord Zulu if you have any relationship problem I will advise you to contact him now for your testimonies. Contact him on WhatsApp +2348146326016 Email @ lordzulu05@gmail.com website: allsupremepowersolutionhom.website2.me

BEST AND URGENT LOVE SPELL TO GET BACK WITH YOUR EX HUSBAND/WIFE THROUGH A POWERFUL LOVE SPELL CASTER CALLED LORD ZULU CONTACT HIM NOW FOR YOUR TESTIMONIES. CONTACT HIM ON WHATSAPP NOW +2348146326016
Hello everyone, I'm here to testify of a powerful love spell caster called lord Zulu, who helped me stabilize my relationship and solved all the problems that's been going on in my life. I was confused and devastated when my husband left me and my kids without a word, I needed him back because I love him so much, I told my friend about how he left me. She introduced me to this powerful and reliable spell caster who had helped her in getting her lover back, so I contacted him and he promised that in less than 24 hours he will come back to me. After I did all he asked, to my greatest surprise my husband who had refused to speak with me came to my house and asked for forgiveness for all he had made me go through and now we are living happily together, I will forever be grateful to you Lord Zulu if you have any relationship problem I will advise you to contact him now for your testimonies. Contact him on WhatsApp +2348146326016 Email @ lordzulu05@gmail.com website: allsupremepowersolutionhom.website2.me

BEST AND URGENT L

cecillia hills

7/26/2023 10:45:48 am

Tonia Kyle

8/2/2023 07:32:28 pm

There is power in voodoo,I'm living example I lost my husband to third party we been marriage for the past Seven years, my man was never a cheat he Shower me love, respect me and our kids, I never knew he was in any relationships with third party due to my Job, 20th March 2020, my man lift me with our Two kids and never return home I call his phone know response, i search for he but never find he i believe some worst must have happen to he, 12th June 2022 I came to conclude my man must have been in jail or prison after sometime I try move on but my friend never allow me to do that she introduce me to Dr Akin voodoo,i never did this in my hole life but i just have to because my husband safely very important to our family, I was told my man been living with third party i never knew about it was really hard to believe this, but he under a spell that he moved to United kingdom but promise to return my man home I never believe this could work but i just want my man back I have to give it a try within five days my man return home this was like magic i must thank Dr Akin voodoo you really doing great Job my man return home and beg for my forgiveness I'm happy and all thanks Dr Akin voodoo you are wonderful contract he
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100094035050805&mibextid=ZbWKwL

ARE YOU DESPERATELY IN NEED OF A REAL AND LEGIT LOVE SPELL CASTER TO HELP REUNITE WITH MY EX-LOVER BACK URGENTLY? CONTACT DR MARIAN (marianspells@gmail.com)

8/12/2023 03:50:50 pm

ARE YOU DESPERATELY IN NEED OF A REAL AND LEGIT LOVE SPELL CASTER TO HELP REUNITE WITH MY EX-LOVER BACK URGENTLY? CONTACT DR MARIAN (marianspells@gmail.com)

ATTENTION! ATTENTION! EVERYONE ( A MUST READ).....

I rarely write reviews, but I had to for this!
if you are in need of a spell caster to help you with your Situation, First I would advise you to beware of offers on the internet as well as announcements. Observe carefully because 90% of these ads are fraud uses. Today there are more and more scams. I wanted a spell to get back my Lover, after placing an ad, every day I received different inboxes from scammers demanding for huge amount of money to help me and I suppressed their message. But one day I came across a post of someone giving a testimony thanking a Spell caster called DR MARIAN for bringing back her lover into her life again, then I looked at the email, I was afraid to contact her because i have been scammed a lot of times by scammers who stole about $15,000 in Total from me. I was very confused so I decided to contact the person that was giving the testimony and communicated with her on phone calls before she started telling me her own story about how DR MARIAN helped her to Restore her Marriage, she told me everything to do and gave me assurance it was real, then I made up my mind and emailed the Spell caster called DR MARIAN, though i thought it was a part of the net crooks, but to my surprise it was different, Before i could share her my problems, she has already told me what i came for, And she said everything will be okay that within 48hours my lover will be back to my arms, So i hoped and to my greatest surprise, before the 48hours i got a call from a man who had left me for the past 1 year saying he is sorry and he wants me back, i was happy and i said i also want him back. Then i traveled to Canada to meet up with him, And he apologized for what he has done, Now he proposed to marry me and we are both preparing for our wedding soon. I can confirm that it happened and if you're looking for a Good spell caster online, DR MARIAN is the right choice as she has proven to me that there are still legit spell casters out there. If you are having relationship issues, I advise you contact her via:

Email: marianspells@gmail.com

PRAYERS TO GET YOUR PROBLEMS SOLVED

8/13/2023 03:18:12 pm

My name is Pamela my partner and I have been trying for a baby for over two years now, We were going to a fertility clinic for about 5 months before somebody told us to contact this spell caster who is so powerful, We contacted him at this email; homeofmiraclehealer@gmail.com, for him to help us, then we told him our problem, he told us that we will either conceive on February 2023 or March 2023, but after two years of trying we were at a point where we were willing to try anything. And I'm glad we came to Dr. Morusa, Because his pregnancy spell cast put us at ease, and I honestly believe he and his gods helped us as well, I am thankful for all he has done. contact him via WhatsApp him +1 (909) 897-5512 if you are trying to get a baby or want your lover back. he has powers to do it, he has done mine,

I do not have much time to spend on the Internet) so that's why I am sharing this wonderful testimony with you all, that is going through the same problem this is the way online tips can help you get your problem solved.

1. Love Spells
2. Cured of Herpes, Cancer, HIV, and other diseases
3. Divorce Spells
4. Marriage Spells
5. Binding Spells
6. Breakup Spells
7. Banish a past Lover.
8. You want to be promoted in your office.
9. Fertility Spells/Pregnancy Spells
10. Win the Powerball lottery

You can also contact him in any kind of spell you want him to do for you once again thank Dr Morusa for helping me

Manuel Franco

9/10/2023 02:58:28 am

I just want to say Thank You to everyone who supported me through the years. My name is Manuel Franco, New Berlin, Wisconsin. My story of how I won the Powerball lottery of $768.4M is a bit of a tale. I have been playing Powerball tickets for 6 years now since I turned 18. I bought my first ticket on my 18 birthday. I was feeling very lucky that day because I had contacted Dr. Odunga Michael to help me with the winning Powerball numbers. I really had that great great feeling that I looked at the camera wanting to wink at it. I only did a tiny part of it and trusted him. He gave me the numbers after I played a couple other tickets along with it for $10. I checked my ticket after the winnings came online and saw the numbers were correct including the Power play. I screamed for about 10 minutes because it felt like a dream. I had won $768.4M. You can check my winning testimony with the lottery officials just with my name search. Thank you Dr Odunga. Well, his email is odungaspelltemple@gmail.com and you can also call or Whats-app him at +2348167159012 so you guys can contact him

FIX THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS TO ALL ACROSS THE
GLOBE ON:

Get your ex back spell
Lottery Spell
Love/Reunion Spell
Pregnancy Spell
Protection Spell
Freedom From Prison Spell
Marriage spell
Killing/Revenge spell
Healing/Cure spell

Contact him for any of these today at:
EMAIL: odungaspelltemple@gmail.com OR Call and WHATS-APP HIM +2348167159012

oliviastephen02

9/12/2023 02:15:08 am

Happiness comes when you have peace of mind. I used to think spells was bogus but after my husband left me I felt open-minded to try anything. I was hurt and heart broken when my husband left me and moved to Los Angeles to be with another woman. I felt my life was over and my kids thought they would never see their father again. It was great having my husband back after separation a year ago this have brought happiness in my life,this have always been what I have always wished for in my life and I got it so easy through the help of Dr Excellent, he's the solution to all you problems if you have any relationship problem or marriage problem. Here his contact. WhatsApp him at: +2348084273514 "Or email him at: Excellentspellcaster@gmail.com ,Read about him here:https://drexcellentspellcaster.godaddysites.com

Carrie Kilman

9/18/2023 05:32:54 pm

Hello my name is Carrie Kilman from Birmingham UK. My fiancé broke up with me last month. I was so downhearted, I’ve spent the last month agonizing, crying, feeling guilty and feeling the lowest ever. I wasn't talking to anybody, I cried a lot, I was so depressed and shell-shocked that I was scared I'm going to end up in the hospital because of all the stress and depression until one day I search online on getting love tips because I just want us to be together as a couple again, then I found a powerful spell caster Called Dr Peter that he solved so many relationship problem then I contacted him through his email and after writing my issue out he assured me he will come back to me between 24hrs after he cast spell on him I never believe it until my fiancé called me on the phone pleaded and told me he want us to come back and live happily together forever, I'm so happy now that Dr Peter help me bring my finance back to me. Please contact Dr Peter cause he is the perfect answer to your problem. Here’s his contact: Email him at: drpeterspellcaster21@gmail.com
https://drpeterspellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site-1
https://drpeterspellcaster.mystrikingly.com/
WhatsApp +1 (646) 494-4360

Hello my name is Carrie Kilman from Birmingham UK. My fiancé broke up with me last month. I was so downhearted, I’ve spent the last month agonizing, crying, feeling guilty and feeling the lowest ever. I wasn't talking to anybody, I cried a lot, I was so depressed and shell-shocked that I was scared I'm going to end up in the hospital because of all the stress and depression until one day I search online on getting love tips because I just want us to be together as a couple again, then I found a powerful spell caster Called Dr Peter that he solved so many relationship problem then I contacted him through his email and after writing my issue out he assured me he will come back to me between 24hrs after he cast spell on him I never believe it until my fiancé called me on the phone pleaded and told me he want us to come back and live happily together forever, I'm so happy now that Dr Peter help me bring my finance back to me. Please contact Dr Peter cause he is the perfect answer to your problem. Here’s his contact: Email him at: drpeterspellcaster21@gmail.com
https://drpeterspellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site-1
https://drpeterspellcaster.mystrikingly.com/
WhatsApp +1 (646) 494-4360

Hello my name is Carrie Kilman from Birmingham UK. My fiancé broke up with me last month. I was so downhearted, I’ve spent the last month agonizing, crying, feeling guilty and feeling the lowest ever. I wasn't talking to anybody, I cried a lot, I was so depressed and shell-shocked that I was scared I'm going to end up in the hospital because of all the stress and depression until one day I search online on getting love tips because I just want us to be together as a couple again, then I found a powerful spell caster Called Dr Peter that he solved so many relationship problem then I contacted him through his email and after writing my issue out he assured me he will come back to me between 24hrs after he cast spell on him I never believe it until my fiancé called me on the phone pleaded and told me he want us to come back and live happily together forever, I'm so happy now that Dr Peter help me bring my finance back to me. Please contact Dr Peter cause he is the perfect answer to your problem. Here’s his contact: Email him at: drpeterspellcaster21@gmail.com
https://drpeterspellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site-1
https://drpeterspellcaster.mystrikingly.com/
WhatsApp +1 (646) 494-4360

Hello my name is Carrie Kilman from Birmingham UK. My fiancé broke up with me last month. I was so downhearted, I’ve spent the last month agonizing, crying, feeling guilty and feeling the lowest ever. I wasn't talking to anybody, I cried a lot, I was so depressed and shell-shocked that I was scared I'm going to end up in the hospital because of all the stress and depression until one day I search online on getting love tips because I just want us to be together as a couple again, then I found a powerful spell caster Called Dr Peter that he solved so many relationship problem then I contacted him through his email and after writing my issue out he assured me he will come back to me between 24hrs after he cast spell on him I never believe it until my fiancé called me on the phone pleaded and told me he want us to come back and live happily together forever, I'm so happy now that Dr Peter help me bring my finance back to me. Please contact Dr Peter cause he is the perfect answer to your problem. Here’s his contact: Email him at: drpeterspellcaster21@gmail.com
https://drpeterspellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site-1
https://drpeterspellcaster.mystrikingly.com/
WhatsApp +1 (646) 494-4360

Hello my name is Carrie Kilman from Birmingham UK. My fiancé broke up with me last

Karen West

9/26/2023 08:12:50 am

I am sharing this testimony to partners suffering in their relationships because there is an enduring solution. My husband left me and our 2 kids for another woman for 3 years. I tried to be strong just for my kids but I could not control the pains that torment my heart. I was hurt and confused. I needed a help, so i did a research on the internet and came across a site where I saw that Dr. Todd a spell caster, can help get lovers back. I contacted him and he did a special prayer and spells for me. To my surprises, after some days, my husband came back home. That was how we reunited again and there was a lot of love, joy and peace in the family. You can as well contact Dr. Todd, a powerful spell-caster for solutions on his contact manifestspellcast@gmail.com website:https://manifestspellcast.wordpress.com

HOW I GOT MY HUSBAND BACK

10/10/2023 12:47:58 pm

HOW I GOT MY HUSBAND BACK

if you are in need of a spell caster to help you with your Situation, First I would advise you to beware of offers on the internet as well as announcements. Observe carefully because 90% of these ads are fraud uses. Thank you DR MARIAN for taking your time to help people in need. I had already given up on Online spells reason been because of my past experiences with SCAMMERS whom claim to be what they are not, Not until a friend of mine introduced me to DR MARIAN which till now i would say still REMAINS THE ONLY TRUE EXISTING SPELL CASTER ALIVE. DR MARIAN i want you to know the service you provide no doubt changes the life’s of so many of us. Such an amazing service and I’m very thankful for having found this and appreciate your time and effort in helping me. My husband has finally come back to me after he left me to be with another woman for over 2 years. All thanks to DR MARIAN who brought him back to me. DR MARIAN is an expert in what HE does WITH EXPERIENCE OF 45 YEARS IN SPELL CASTING AND HERBAL MEDICINE TO CURE ANY KIND OF DISEASE THAT YOU MAY HAVE, CONTACT HIM ON ANY KIND OF ISSUES YOU MAY HAVE THAT IS BOTHERING YOU AS HE CAN HELP YOU SOLVE PROBLEMS AS LISTED BELOW: Email: marianspells@gmail.com OR Whatsapp: +2349160402535

(1) If you want your Divorced Husband/Wife back.
(2) If you want your Ex Boyfriend/Girlfriend back.
(3) If you want strong protection.
(4) You want to be Promoted in your Office.
(5) You want Women/Men to run after you.
(6) If you want Children.
(7) You want to be Rich Forever.
(8) You want to make your Husband/Wife to be yours forever.
(9) Or you have been scammed and you want to Recover your Lost Money.
(10) If you want a Make Me Sexy Spell.
(11) If you want a STOP His Roving Eyes Spell.
(12) If you want a Rejuvenated Love Spell.
(13) If you want a Be Faithful To Me Spell.
(14) If you want to prevent or keep others from talking about my man.
(15) Remove Bad Spells from Homes, Business.
(16) Stop your Marriage or Relationship from Breaking Apart.
(17) Remove the Back Spot that keeps on taking your Money Away.
(18) Find out why you are not progressing in Life and the Solution.
(19) Ensure Excellent School Grades even for Children with Mental Disabilities.
(20) Get promotion you have Desired for a Long Time at Work or in your Career.
(21) Heal Barrenness in Women and Disturbing Menstruation.
(22) Guarantee you Win the Troubling Court Cases.
(23) Get the Spell to Win a Lottery.
(24) Diabetes Cure and Remedy.
(25) Herpes Cure and Remedy.
(26) Hepatitis A, B, C Cure and Remedy.
(27) Cancer cure and Remedy.
(28) HIV/ AID Cure and Remedy.
(29) Syphilis Cure and Remedy e.t.c…
(30) IF YOU WANT TO RECOVER YOUR MONEY FROM SCAMMERS.
(31) IF YOU WANT TO TAKE REVENGE ON SCAMMMERS WHO STOLE YOUR MONEY.
(32) IS YOUR HEALER TAKING LONG TO SOLVE YOUR PROBLEMS? THIS IS YOUR CHANCE TO BE HELPED QUICKLY.

I STRONGLY RECOMMEND HIM. I ADVISE YOU CONTACT HIM TODAY AND BE HAPPY AND DONT LET THESE FAKE ADS ONLINE DECIEVE YOU, AS DR MARIAN STILL REMAIN THE ONLY TRUE EXISTING SPELL CASTER ALIVE AS HE HAS PROVEN THAT TO ME ALREADY AFTER MY ENCOUNTER WITH SO MANY SCAMMERS ONLINE. You can contact HIM via:

Email: marianspells@gmail.com

Whatsapp: +2349160402535

HOW I GOT CURED FROM PCOS & OVARIAN CYST.

10/10/2023 12:49:25 pm

HOW I GOT CURED FROM PCOS & OVARIAN CYST. ( marianspells@gmail.com )

I am sharing this to give hope to those who are probably struggling from PCOS/Ovarian cyst on how they can be cured just like me. I was diagnosed with PCOS/OVARIAN CYST and I remember how broken I was when my doctor told me it would be difficult to conceive naturally and PCOS was a lifelong disease [ as the doctor puts it here ] I was devastated and confused. I had excessive weight, Irregular periods, Acne and a 10cm cyst accompanied by lots of pain. It wasn’t an easy journey for me. Although my husband was supportive, I really needed to have my own child and get rid of PCOS/OVARIAN CYST. How long do I have to wait to have my own child? When will this severe pain end? Sitting on my balcony and doing research with my phone, I bumped into a testimonial of Dr MARIAN about curing diverse ailments with natural herbs. I was hopeful and felt some slight relief, then I decided to reach out. I was happy I did. HE prepared a medication using herbs and roots which was delivered to me through courier services. I took the medication as prescribed, My cyst was gone completely and I was able to get rid of PCOS within three weeks [21days] of taking the herbal medication made from some selected herbs and roots. My doctor confirmed I was free from PCOS & CYST. Not so long after the treatment, I was confirmed to be pregnant naturally and I was able to conceive and had my first child. It was a massive joy for me and my Husband and I decided to put in more testimonies about the herbal doctor [Dr. MARIAN] cause i know there are people whom are in need of help also. I didn’t have to undergo surgery, everything worked out naturally. DR MARIAN i want you to know the service you provide no doubt changes the life’s of so many of us. Such an amazing service and I’m very thankful for having found You and i appreciate your time and effort in helping me. Dr MARIAN also specializes in curing: Infertility, Herpes, Endometriosis, Fibroid, Cancer, Hepatitis, COPD, IBS, DIABETES, and lots more.

SHE ALSO SPECIALIZES IN SPELLS SUCH AS:

(1) If you want your Divorced Husband/Wife back.
(2) If you want your Ex Boyfriend/Girlfriend back.
(3) If you want strong protection.
(4) You want to be Promoted in your Office.
(5) Find out why you are not progressing in Life and the Solution. e.t.c...

You can CONTACT DR MARIAN via:- EMAIL: marianspells@gmail.com OR Whatsapp: +2349160402535

URGENT AND EFFECTIVE LOVE SPELL TO GET YOUR EX BACK FAST AND TO SAVE YOUR MARRIAGE

10/10/2023 12:50:24 pm

URGENT AND EFFECTIVE LOVE SPELL TO GET YOUR EX BACK FAST AND TO SAVE YOUR MARRIAGE BY ( marianspells@gmail.com )

IF GOD WAS A MAN, I WOULD SAY DR MARIAN IS THAT GOD BECAUSE OF THE HELP AND WONDERS HE HAS RENDERED IN THE LIFE OF SO MANY OF US.

I’m Carol Campbell from North Carolina USA. And am sorry for putting this on net but i will have to because i know there are so many out there whom are in need of help with their relationship and are afraid to seek help online because of the high rate of internet scams OR might have tried to seek help online and got scammed during the process. GOOD NEWS i bring to all of you today as i want you all to know that there is still a legit spell caster called DR MARIAN which is the only true spell caster you can find today, i said so because 2 years ago, my husband and i were having lots of issues in our relationship because of his cheating lifestyle which eventually led to a divorce, i really loved him and i tried my best to make things work out but all to no avail. i was heart broken and i needed him back, so i went online to seek help but i got scammed, i never gave up because i really wanted him back so i tried another spell caster and yet i got scammed, i also came across someone testifying about a spell caster and i decided to contact the spell caster and i got scammed again making a total of $16,000 i lost to these scammers. i was depressed because all hope was lost of me getting back the one i love again. GOD been Good, i saw a podcast of a lady interviewing a man called DR MARIAN online asking him about his spell works and how he works which he explained and i also saw how millions of people were commenting under this on HOW GOOD AND EFFECTIVE HIS SPELLS ARE, so i decided to give him a try because i had the mindset for him to be invited for a podcast it means he was legit, so i contacted him and i did all he told me to do and to my surprise my husband whom hasnt spoken to me in 2 years contacted me in 48 hours. I'm living happily with my husband again after 2 yewars of broken marriage and I will not rest till he's known all over the world. He's also specialized in lottery spells, protection spells, cures E.T.C. BE WISE AND CONTACT HIM TODAY AND STOP FALLING VICTIM TO THESE ONLINE SCAMMERS. Get connected with DR MARIAN VIA:

EMAIL: marianspells@gmail.com

Whatsapp: +2349160402535

URGENT AND EFFECTIVE LOVE SPELL TO GET YOUR EX BACK FAST AND TO SAVE YOUR MARRIAGE

10/10/2023 12:54:09 pm

janess

10/12/2023 12:30:13 am

Thank to you Dr Oziengbe for your great and powerful love spell you did for me, to bring my lover back to me. I never believed real spell caster still exist till i came across your email droziengbespellhome01@gmail.com has really prove to me that he is a great and powerful love spell caster among others i can say he is the best after Mark Kion my husband came back after he left me and our son to be with another woman who works with him in same office , but with the powerful love spell from Dr OZ my man is back to be again after 2 years of separation , I must say that anyone who has any kind of relationship or marriage problem or breakup heartbreak divorce issues should also contact this great man today DR OZ via his email his whatsap +2348139424847 or droziengbespellhome01@gmail.com

Joe Sawyer

10/17/2023 03:38:51 am

LOST CRYPTO/ETH/FUNDS RECOVERY EXPERTS:LOST RECOVERY MASTER

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency scams are becoming rampant as the day goes by. One should be careful when dealing with people online especially when it has to do with your funds. Getting back your stolen bitcoins is very easy but there are also lots of fraudulent recovery firms out there so you need to be careful not to end up being defrauded again. Lost Recovery Masters are the most trusted and reliable recovery Hackers. They are the best recovery team out there now. They are very fast and efficient in the recovery of your funds. To contact them on email (Support@lostrecoverymasters.com )/whatsapp +1(204)819-5505 or Learn more Website https://lostrecoverymasters.com/ You can simply send an email or whatapp and you will be helped to recover 100% of your lost funds- I was able to recover all of my stolen bitcoins. They provide excellent service.

Tineka Howell

10/21/2023 11:05:50 pm

I can’t believe that with just a contact to Dr. Salem, I got my ex husband back. I had read some stuff about Manifest Temple before I contacted him but I didn’t know that all those stuff were so accurate until I got my husband back, After getting my ex husband back I taught it wise to share my testimony with everyone on this website that how Dr. Salem was able to get my husband back with his powerful reunion love spell. That rebuild my broken marriage. All my hope has been fully restored and am happy to share my experience to everyone. Do feel free to Contact Dr. Salem via email if having any challenge with marriage or relationship at: (salemmanifestloverspell@gmail.com) I so much believe he can also help out with his powers. WhatsApp +234 805 397 4975

Molly Moon

11/7/2023 01:56:59 am

I am sharing this testimony to partners who are suffering in their relationships because there is a lasting solution. My husband left me and our Children for another woman for 6 years. I tried to be strong just for my children but I couldn't control the pains that torment my heart. I was hurt and confused. I needed help so i researched on the internet and found a site where i saw that Dr. Salem a great spell caster that can help get lovers back with natural zodiac sign spell. I contacted him and he did a special prayer and spells for me. To my surprise, after 48 hours, my husband returned home. That's how we met again and there was a lot of love, joy and peace in the family. You can also contact Dr. Salem from any part of the world a powerful spell caster for solutions on your contact below.
Email: (salemmanifestloverspell@gmail. com or salemmanifestloverspell@outlook. com)
WhatsApp +234 805 397 4975

Jule norman link

11/10/2023 08:24:53 am

It was very difficult to trust someone you haven't met or seen before but this herbalist has restored my life by curing me from a nasty virus, He has helped me and my friend in situations of Herpes positive. he cured me with his herbs, There is no harm in trying to get help curing your mess so get to know about this herbalist on his web if you're in same situation because he's got potentials in putting herbs together to cure herpes virus https://excelherbalcure.com

Samatha Chavez

11/13/2023 06:56:14 am

Hi everyone my name is Samantha Chavez I am here to share a little story about my life I'm 55 years old, I was suffering from a very deadly disease, I’d recently been diagnosed with Hepatitis B, and i was going through depression because every day had become a struggle for me, and I wasn’t enjoying life at all because I am suffering for over five years and couldn't find out earlier as the months and years went by, my symptoms just got worse and worse It started to develop pain in my lower back and abdomen, after visiting many different Doctor's I was eventually diagnosed with a fatty liver it become more practice Nonalcoholic steatohepatisis (Nash) and Hepatitis B become more worried, unite I was reading a news on my TV when I saw a post about Dr Kuda, how he helped alot of people to be cure their Hepatitis B, then i decided to contact him and seek for help and when Dr Kuda prepare his herbal medicine and send it to me after some days I received the herbal medicine after taking the medication for two weeks, i was confirm at the hospital Negative, and being cure from Hepatitis B, I am so grateful today berceuse of Dr Kuda Thank you for your kindness help, you can also Email: drkudaspelltemple@gmail.com Or Contact his Call/Text Number +1 (346) 478-1991

Nicolette Elliot

11/27/2023 12:00:05 pm

Hi everyone. My name is Nicolette Elliot I am here to thank great Dr Isikolo for fixing my marital problems. My marriage crashed due to unending problems and difficulties I had with my husband. He left without looking back and I was alone for so many months. His family intervened and still nothing changed. I was wrecked emotionally and lost hope in finding love again because he was everything in a man I ever wanted. Just like so many people, I got to know about DR ISIKOLO when I started searching for help. We discussed my problems at length and he assured me of getting the solution I needed. I had no choice than to comply with his procedures and he didn't delay anything. He did a love reunion bond for me and my husband and the love and happiness we shared was restored and he reached me exactly after 48 hours as DR ISIKOLO promised. He is indeed a wonderful helper and he is trustworthy. if you have any problems, just text him via WhatsApp +2348133261196 or email him via: isikolosolutionhome@gmail.com or review his website (https://isikolotemple.com)

Tamie link

12/4/2023 09:01:43 am

It was like a dream when I got diagnosed of herpes 4 years ago! especially when I didn't know how I got it and I became depressed when my doctor said there was no cure to it and every attempt I made to get rid of it failed until I got to know about DR Excel on some blog and I contacted him at once through his website and he sent me his herbal medication to drink for straight 8days and he also guide me through and now I just tested negative of the virus. You can reach him through his website https://excelherbalcure.com

Rachel Frye

12/6/2023 09:58:45 pm

Hello, my name is Rachel Frye and I want to give this testimony in respect of Dr. Odunga who made me win $2 Million Dollars in Lottery by matching the 5 numbers for me. I am happy to be out of financial debt and be able to help my family in these seasonal period of fun and cheer. I contacted Dr. Odunga through Whats-App (+2348167159012) when I told him to help me win the Mega Millions and He told me that it would be spiritually checked if I will win the Lottery. When he informed me that I will not be able to win the Jackpot but I will win huge amount in the lottery I was not completely sad but had great faith in him. I live in Freeland, Saginaw County, Michigan and I would say it was pretty hard to send him the money for the spell before he gave me the winning numbers to play. He sent me the numbers and I played. The next morning after the drawing, I matched the five white balls in the Aug. 4 drawing to win $1 million: 11-30-45-52-56. Thanks to the Megaplier X2, my prize was multiplied to $2 million. Thank You Dr Odunga for this wonderful experience with you. You too can contact Dr. Odunga at his Whats-App +2348167159012 or Email: odungaspelltemple@gmail.com

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